HELP.TXT 7.4               APRS HELP DOCUMENT

FOR A SUMMARY INDEX OF ALL APRS README FILES, SEE README.1st

    Most APRS commands are single keys which are active from all display
pages.  The first Help page (F1-HELP), defines all command characters.
Some keys bring up additional command sub-menu's on the bottom of the 
screen.  Just hit the first letter of any command listed in the prompt.  
In most prompts, the ENTER key will select the default choice or complete 
the prompt with no action.  If a mouse driver is loaded, the mouse can be 
used to move the cursor.  The following section summarizes all of the 
TOP-LEVEL APRS command characters (shown with F1-HELP).  First are the 
nine major display screens accessed by their first letter:

SCREENS        OVERVIEW

L-LATEST     - Latest Beacon or broadcast STATUS message from all stations
B-BULLETINS  - Bulletins posted by other stations
P-POSITIONS  - Position packets and comments from all stations and Objs
H-HEARD LOG  - Number of packets per hour per station
R-READ MSGS  - Displays your incomming and outgoing messages
T-TRAFFIC    - The last 23 lines of traffic heard between other stations
D-DIGIs USED - Digipeater paths used by all stations (or DX message list)
A-ALL BCNS   - Chronological log of all beacons, messages (or all DX spots)
V-VIEW       - Scrolling screen of all packets on frequency
alt-T        - TELEMETRY screen for the MIM module (see TELEMTRY.txt)
SPACE BAR    - MAP - For showing the positions of all stations and objects

MENUS          OVERVIEW

F1-HELP      - HELP Menu with several screens
C-CONTROLS   - For switching on/off many APRS control functions
F-FILE MENU  - For loading, saving, and/or replaying files
I-INPUT MENU - For inputing your POSIT, OBJECTS and DF bearings
M-MAP MENU   - For most MAP functinos
O-OPERATIONS - Various commands involved in communications and keyboard ops
W-WEATHER    - All commands dealing with entering and displaying weather

MESSAGE COMMANDS

R-READ MSGS  - Displays all incomming and outgoing messages
E-ERASE (TO) - Erase outgoing messages TO other stations
K-KILL (FROM)- Kill incomming lines FROM other stations
S-SEND       - Send a message line
T-TRAFFIC    - Display the latest 23 lines monitored between other stations

OTHER COMMAND KEYS

G-GOTO ME/TRK- Moves cursor immediately to your stn or to the TRACKED stn
J-JUST ONE   - Will clear the map and only display Just one type of station
N-NEXT WX    - Will move cursor to the next WX stn and display condx
Q-QUIT       - Quit APRS.  Your POSIT will remain in your TNC beacon
U-UNPROTO    - Used to set your UNPROTO path
V-VIEW SCREEN- A conventional scrolling display for monitoring packets
X-XMT PKTS   - Transmits all or some of your outstanding packets

CURSOR AND MAP COMMANDS

SPACE bar    - Redraws current map. # and * display only SPECIAL stations
Arrows       - Moves cursor.  SHIFT Arrows (white) moves 5 times faster
Home         - Homes the screen to the cursor location
PgDn/Up      - ZOOMs the display in/out.  CTRL-PgUp/Dn zooms by 8
End          - Moves map to your default location
1,3,5,7,9    - 1 gets USA map.  3-9 reload maps saved in 3-9 keys
ENTER or +/- - Hook/Unhook (select) a station. +/- cycle through all stns

SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

TAB - Displays status of most CONTROLS and SETUP items
F1  - Help Menu with several screens
F8  - In GPS/HSP mode will get and plot an immediate fix
F9  - Center map and scale to show ALL stations

ALTERNATE KEYS

alt-A - All Callsign prefixes
alt-B - Alter BEACON text
alt-F - In DX mode, will change filters for HF, VHF, or certain freqs
alt-S - SETUP menu and configuration save commands
alt-T - Telemetry screen.  See TELEMTRY.txt


DISPLAY SCREENS:  Each display page can have up to 5 pages (80 stations)
with new stations added on the last page.  Each new station beyond 80
bumps off the oldest station on the top of page 1.  Use the PgUp and PgDn 
keys to cycle through multiple pages.  On both the P and L lists, you can 
move the cursor to select a single station.  A prompt then allows you to 
display the object on the map, see a chronological list of all previous 
beacons from that station, delete the entry, insert a position for a BEACON 
only station, etc.

  L - LATEST DISPLAY shows the latest BEACON packet from each station.  This
      screen is like a one-line broadcast message display.  In DX mode, this
      screen lists the latest command from all stations on your local cluster.

  B - BULLETINS DISPLAY shows the latest 22 APRS BULLETINS, very useful for
      distributing useful net-wide information about special events or
      instructions.  See the SEND command.

  P - POSITIONS DISPLAY shows the latest POSITION packet from each station.
      You may select (HOOK) any station or object in this list for additional
      commands shown below.  See the section on OBJects.   Also the JUST ONE 
      command will display JUST one type of station at a time.
          Uplink - Uplink or quit uplinking that object
          Move   - Move it anywhere else on the map
          HOME   - Center the map on the object
          Delete - Deletes the object from your list
          Kill   - Kills your uplinked object on EVERYONE's screens! 
          Track  - Will keep the map centered on the TRACKED station
          Alarm  - Will cause alarms if the marked station moves

  H - HEARD LIST shows statistics of the number of packets heard from each
      station per hour for the last 24 hours.  It is useful for observing
      station activity and on HF for observing propagation changes.

  T - TRAFFIC screen shows the last 23 messages heard between other stns.
      In DX mode, also collects TALK messages between DX cluster users.

  D - DIGIPEATER PAGE shows the raw packet headers including the digi-
      peaters of stations on your LATEST list.  Proper use of digis is 
      very important for minimizing QRM on APRS nets.  A * in the left 
      column show stations heard DIRECT (maybe only once!).  In DX mode, 
      the D screen accumulates the list of all ACTIVE DXcluster MESSAGES.

  A - ALL PACKETS display shows a chronological history of all packets
      including your own incoming and outgoing message lines.  Since 
      messages do not have a time of receipt appended to them, this 
      display is useful for seeing approximately when a message line 
      was received.  In DX mode, this screen accumulates all DX/WX/WWV 
      spots and announcements.

  F1- HELP gives a menu of several different pages of HELP including reading
      any of the README files.  Other HELP screens:

      DIGIS   - one screen on how to use APRS DIGIPEATERS
      FILES   - Read the README files on line (lots of them!)
      HELP    - List of all APRS Commands
      INFO    - Additional helpful info
      NEW     - New-user simplified help screen
      On-SCRN - Scroll through the commands without losing the current screen
      SYMBOLS - Shows all APRS symbols
      VALID   - How to validate your copy of APRS


MAP DISPLAY:  The most important display in APRS, shows the positions of all
reporting stations.  Active APRS stations are shown in white, TNC-only posit
beacons are shown in light gray, objects that you are reporting (uplinking)
are shown in yellow, objects from other stations are purple, positions older
than 2 hours are shown in dark gray.  APRS WIDE-RELAY digipeaters are shown 
in green.  Weather stations are shown in blue.  Finally, all moving objects 
that have been deadreckoned, are shown in light blue.  More explainations
follow:

  SPACE  - Re-displays the current map and resets all display defaults.
  
  #, *   - The # key also re-displays the map but only with those stations 
           marked with a # on the P-List.  If you press *, all symbols will 
           be displayed, but only the calls of the marked stations will be 
           shown (good for tracking mobiles through clutter.)

  ESC    - Escapes the cursor from never-never land to the screen center

  1,3,5,9- Map memories for saving particular maps of interest to you.  
           Use the MAP-SAVE command and just hit one of these keys to
           recall any saved map.  The 1 key always has the USA map.

  F9     - CENTER ALL CONTACTS.  This special function will calculate the
           best map range and center ALL stations heard by you on one map.

  J      - JUST ONE - Used to display just one symbol type at a time.
           Also works on the P-list.

  HOOK   - Hook is a Navy term for selecting an object on a radar screen.
           Use ENTER to hook an object at the cursor.  To step through all
           stations, use the +/- keys.  All info about a hooked station is
           displayed at the bottom of the screen.  Move the hooked station
           by moving the cursor to the new location and hitting the INSERT
           key or it can be removed using the DELETE key.  To prevent
           inadvertent movement of objects, a second ENTER key UNHOOKS.
  
  INSERT - Relocates a HOOKED object on the screen.

  
DEAD RECKONING:  For moving stations, APRS draws a small gray anchor circle 
at the last posit, and then dead-reckons the light blue symbol ahead to the 
estimated position.  Defeat this with CONTROLS-DR.  To hook a dead reckoned 
station, hook the anchor circle, not the symbol itself.  See DR.TXT.


MAP MENU COMMANDS:  The following commands pertain to special functions
regarding the map display.

  C - CHANGE-MAPLIST:  This is the most important map command for a new 
      user.  It allows you to chose the MAPLIST.xxx for your area.  APRS 
      uses this list to select each map bsed on your cursor location.
      Currently APRS is distributed as EAST, SEAST, MIDWEST, CENTRAL,WEST 
      and EUROPEan versions.  The default MAPLIST.USA only points to the 
      major US and regional maps.  NOTE: Each time you use this command, 
      the cursor will move to the center of the selected MAPLIST.xxx area.  
      If you want to return the cursor to your current map screen, use 
      the ESC key which always returns the cursor to the center of the 
      current display.
      
  A - ALTmap:  Displays the map UNDER the current map.  Since APRS always
      uses the latest map in the MAPLIST.xxx file that meets the current
      screen conditions, areas where maps overlap may sometime be
      obscured.  This command displays the next higher map in the list.

  B - Borders:  Shows borders of all MAPS in the MAPLIST.xxx file.  You
      must use F3 and F4 to select the size maps to display.  If a map 
      border appears, but the map does not come up as you zooom into it, 
      then the MAP file is listed too early in the MAPLIST and a later map 
      overlaps its area.  If the map is missing, APRS will BEEP.  If the 
      Map file exists but its border does not show up, then the file is 
      not listed in the MAPLIST.xxx file. 
      
  F - Toggle Features on/off such as Boundaries, Headings, Roads, Calls, 
      Waterways, etc.  ALL features can also be turned on/off at once.  
      This is useful for slow 8088 PCs where turning off all features 
      still shows the relative positions of stations but without taking 
      the 20 seconds required to draw all the features.

  H - Hierarchy:  This is an improvement on the BORDERS command since it
      colors in the maps in the same sequence as they are listed in the
      MAPLIST.xxx file.  The overlapping colors show the effect of the
      sequence of this list.  Look carefully and you can figure out
      overlap and out-of-order problems.

  L - Locks the current map to defeat the normal APRS auto-map selection.
      Useful to avoid interrupting your current map if your cursor gets over
      on another map during a special event.

  P - PLOTS.  Select from a number of different plots:

      CAP      - Overlays Civil Air Patrol search-and-rescue grids

      GdSquare - Displays Maidenhead grid squares

      DF       - Displays Signal strength rings around stations reporting 
                 signal strength on a fox/jammer.  Stronger signals are
                 brighter red and null reports are black circles.

      POWER    - Displays range rings around stations showing an estimate 
                 of their radio horizon based on their transmitter power, 
                 height above average terrain, antenna gain and favored 
                 direction.  Defaults for non reporting stations are 
                 10 watts, 20 feet, and 3dB gain, omni.

      RANGE    - Displays Range Rings at 1, 3/4, 1/2 and 1/4 of the given
                 range scale.  The range and bearing from the center to the
                 position of the cursor is also shown.

      HEARD    - Displays only those DF stations reporting a signal strength
                 on a hidden transmitter.  See NOT-HEARD

      NOT-HEARD- Displays all DF stations reporting NO signal on the fox.  
                 Separate HEARD and NOT-HEARD commands are needed on B/W
                 displays where color cannot be used to distinguish the
                 two mutually exclusive types of DF plots.

MESSAGES:  There are three types of messages in APRS.  The first is
simply your one-line status BEACON.   New BEACONS (changed) are highlighted
in green at the bottom of all screens to show a change in status and are
added to the ALL and LATEST lists.  These beacons are perfect for alerting
the net to your current status.  Secondly, APRS implements a one line
message capability between operators.  Each line is ACKed when received
by the other station.  Multiple lines can be buffered up for eventual
delivery.  Finally, any station can sent a multi-line BULLETIN to all
stations.  See BULLETINS page and the SEND command.

MESSAGE COMMANDS:

  B - Displays accumulated bulletins.  To erase old bulletins, use the 
      alt-E key.  Currently active bulletins will be re-accumulated if a
      station is still transmitting them.

  R - READ MESSAGES - Displays the status of your incomming and outgoing
      messages.  Whenever there is any change, such as an incoming message
      line or an ACK to one of your outgoing lines, the screen will appear.
  
  K - KILL incoming message lines.  K key kills one line at a time.

  E - ERASE outgoing lines.  E key erases one outgoing line at a time.  First
      it erases *ACKed* messages, and then erases other lines.  Finally it
      will erase outgoing BLN lines.

  T - TRAFFIC - Displays the last 23 lines of message traffic monitored
      between other stations.

  S - SEND MESSAGE - You are then prompted for the callsign of the station
      that you want the message to go to.  If you already have outgoing
      message lines pending, then the previous station callsign is pre-
      loaded.  If you don't want to send the message, just hit ENTER.  If 
      you have hooked a station, then that stations CALL will be pre-loaded.

  F2- For REPLYing to a message, F2 pre-loads the callsign of the last msg
      received.

  COPY - For single key ops while mobile, you may copy a previous message 
      to a new station by entering a single digit line number instead of 
      message text.  The nth outgoing message will be copied to 
      this new station.  To allow you to load "canned" messages you may 
      send mesages to MSG, and they will NOT be transmitted, but are 
      available for copying to new messages.  THese combined features make
      it easy to reply to messages while mobile with only 3 key strokes;
      F2, then the message number, then ENTER...

  VIA - You can separately route a message via a different digi path than 
      your normal APRS UNPROTO path by placing a /XX on the end of the TO
      call.  APRS will then attempt to load the two letter DIGIpath each
      time it sends that message.  See OPS-DIGI command.  This alt-path
      routing has some problems, especially with ACKS, so it shouuld only 
      be used for low priority traffic and messages to un-attended stations.
      See TROUBLE.txt under NO-ACKS.

      NOTE: The channel effeciency of APRS TALK messages are no better than
      normal connected packets since they also require ACK's.  Intense
      real-time rag-chews on a busy APRS frequency should be done without
      digipeaters or with only the exact path specified;  See the OPS-DIGI
      command below, for a shortcut for rapidly changing your digi path.
      The more effecient way to keyboard is to just use the OPS-COMM command
      and use your TNC to connect to the other station using normal packet
      over the most direct path.  The other operator MUST be at his keyboard, 
      though, because APRS will time-out, erase his screen, and dump him 
      back into APRS after 3 minutes of inactivity.
  
  ACKS:  When your MSG is acknowledged, the word *ACK* will be over printed 
      on the outgoing MSG line.  Unlike normal packet, APRS does not compute 
      the return path for an ACK.  Each station must set his outgoing VIA 
      path so that his packets (including ACKs) get back to all stations in 
      the net.  On the 2nd DUPE of an incoming message, APRS will warn you 
      that the other station is probably not getting your ACKS!  APRS
      will then wait 30 seconds and repeat the latest ACK once to provide a
      better throughput on poor (HF and multi-digipeater) paths.

  S - SEND BULLETIN.  This is the same as the SEND command, but you simply
      send the message to BLN# instead of a callsign.  The # indicates which
      line of the bulletin it is (1 to 9).  All APRS stations will grab and
      sort these Bulletins onto their BULLETINS page.  Since no one ACKS 
      these messages, they are transmitted at the normal APRS decaying 
      perodicity, but unlike normal APRS beacons which settle out at once 
      every 20 minutes, these BULLETINS will continue to decay forever.  To 
      send a bulletin that will stop decaying and settle out to about every 
      20 minutes, use a letter character instead of a Numeral for the BLN#.  
      You can update or change lines, just be sending a new one with the 
      same BLN number.


FILES MENU: This menu has all commands dealing with files.

  A - APPEND - This will permit you to load a BACKUP file without losing
      all the stations that are already in your P and L lists.  If the same
      calls are in the appended file as are already in memory, there will
      be numerous dupes that should be manually deleted.  Also, APPEND does
      not append any LOG or WHEN-HEARD data.

  D - DOS Shell - You must be in the APRS directory before you EXIT back.

  L - LOADs a backup file.  The file named BACKUP which is saved every time
      you quit APRS, can be reloaded with just the initial B.  I save a
      different file for each packet frequency that I monitor.  To make 
      this easy, you only need to enter the numeric digits to LOAD a backup
      FREQxxxx or HFxxxx file.

  O - ORDER THE LATEST LIST - Moves older beacons to the start of the list,
      and the most recent beacons to the end.  This is useful when the
      lists begin to fill, because stations at the start of the list will 
      be scrolled off to make room for new stations at the end.

  S - SAVE the current situation in a file.  It is a good idea to
      save a separate file for each packet frequency on which you operate.
      If any filename other than the BACKUP default is entered, then APRS
      will also automatically save a LOG and Track HIStory file.  If you
      select NONE as a file name, then nothing will be saved. This keeps
      you from writing a new BACKUP file over an older one if needed.

  R - REPLAY.  Allows you to replay track history files of past events
      or any of the automatically saved track histories after they have
      been saved from memory.  See details under TRACK HISTOREIS in this
      file, or in the overall APRS.DOC file.


OPERATIONS MENU:

  C - COMMS - This commmand allows you to disable APRS and talk straight
      through to your TNC or GPS/WX/DF COMM port.  Use it to establish a
      direct CONNECTION.  This is useful for connecting to another APRS
      station's internal TNC mailbox to leave a message if he is not on line
      with APRS.  Do NOT use this for sending traffic, because if there is 
      no operator present at the receiving station, it will time out in 
      3 minutes, and all the packets that you sent him will disappear as
      APRS re-takes control.  Also permits you to monitor your other COM 
      port hooked up to GPS or WX.  The F8 key will toggle your HSP 
      switch for looking at the output of your GPS.

  D - DIGIPEATER PATHS -  You can save up to 12 different paths for rapid
      recall.  Either enter a two letter path abbreviation, or choose one
      of the four other single letter comands.  S-Save will allow you to 
      enter a TWO letter path name followed by VIA and a list of digipeaters 
      to use for that path.  The L key will display a list of already saved 
      paths.  The A-ALTernate command will allow you to set up an alternate
      path for all your posits and beacons as some percentage of your normal
      UNPROTO path.  The ALTpath and percentage are shown on the CONTROLS 
      status line (TAB).  All of these options allow you to tailor your path
      for your immediatel operational needs.  When you are in QSO with one 
      station in particular, use OPS-DIGI-xx to choose the minimum path (xx) 
      to that station to minimize QRM on the channel.  Also these path names
      can be used to specificaly route individual SEND message lines.  Use
      this feature with discretion, since APRS must allow at least 5 seconds
      to change the path each time it transmits...  

  F - FIND - This command allows you to find a callsign or a gridsquare.  If
      you enter the first character as a [, then APRS will asume the entry is
      for a grid square.  This command works on the MAP, and P and L lists.

  Q - QUERY - This command sends out an APRS query packet (in about 5 secs)
      asking all stations to respond with all of their BEACONS, POSITS,
      OBJECTS, and MESSAGES sometime in the next 2 minutes.  This command 
      is AUTOMATICALLY sent when a NEWUSER starts up APRS.  It is not sent 
      for registered users with a CONFIG file.  This helps cut down un-
      necessary Queries and the resulting QRM.  The QUERY command includes 
      a RANGE around the location of your cursor, so you can query a 
      specific area of interest without querying the whole net.  You can 
      Query a single APRS station by so indicating at the QUERY prompt.

  P - PING -  Sends out a ping packet.  If the packet is digipeated by your
      selected VIA path, you will see it monitored on the bottom line of
      your display.  This lets you know that your station is transmitting
      and that the digipeater in your selected VIA path responded.

  U - UNPROTO  Used to set up your outgoing digipeater path. (IMPORTANT!)
      If you have not selected a digipeater that covers your APRS net, then
      your packets and acks will never get to the other stations on freq
      even though you see them fine.  YOU MUST SET YOUR VIA PATH TO COVER
      your intended APRS AREA by selecting an appropriate digipeater path!
      APRS will warn you if another station does not appear to be getting
      your message ACKs.  Use the OPS-DIGI command to save favorite,
      frequently used paths.


INPUTS MENU:  Lets you ADD objects to the map, or input data on your station.
Any station may ADD an object on the map for display at all stations.  Once
on the screen, the object is listed in the P-list with a (+) symbol.  This
means it will be transmitted by your station.  You can stop UPLINKING each
object by hooking it on the P-list and toggle the U key.  Un validated users
are limited to uplinking only one object.  If you delete the object from your 
screen, or toggled off the UPLINK, it still remains on all screens in the 
network until each individual operator deletes it.  To remove it from all 
screens, you can kill an OBJECT instead of deleting it.  Your station will 
continue to transmit the object, but with a special KILL mark on it.  It will 
disappear from all maps, but it will REMAIN in everyone's PList.  If an 
object has not been updated in over two hours, it fades to a dark gray color.

In some of these commands, you are prompted for the LAT/LONG of the object.
APRS pre-loads this prompt with the LAT/LONG of the cursor.  If that position
is correct, just hit ENTER.  TO change these values, just type in a new value
using as few characters as are needed to give the resolution you need.  But
you MUST always type the required LEADING ZEROS in longitudes below 100 deg.

  A - ADD a new object to the screen at the current cursor location.  You
      are prompted for all pertinent information.  There are over 50 symbols
      that can be used to display the object.  Use the F1-SYMBOLS command to
      see the symbols available.

  D - DIRECTION FINDING:  This command allows you to enter a beam heading or
      a signal strength report for your own station during direction finding
      events.  A zero (0) bearing indicates a signal strength report.

  M - MyPOSIT:  This command permits one step updating of your position.  This
      makes updating your position while APRS mobile with a good map, so easy,
      that you only need GPS if you are lost!

  P - POWER:  This is the command used to enter your transmitter power, height
      above average terain, antenna gain, and directivity so that your station
      range will be properly estimated.

  S - SAVE:  This command saves a copy of your present posit as an OBJect.
      This is useful for marking special locations while you drive such
      as DF fixes.

  U - UPLINK:  Identical to the SAVE command, but the object is marked for
      uplinking to the net.

CONTROLS:  The C command displays the control panel at the bottom of the
screen.  This two line panel shows the status of both the SETUP and the
CONTROLS.  The CONTROLS functions toggle on/off various functions, and show
your validation status and your VIA path.  Items in lower case are OFF and
upper case are ON.  Use the TAB key to get this display:

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 VAL | TNC | Scrnsvr | 15 | GFL| JUNK | 30/600 |dgps| RELAY |XX50| USA |BEEP|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 XMT | LOG | UP | DR | cw | PFL| BCNS |  VHF   |FADE| VIA DIGI-1,DIGI-2        |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  B - BANDS.  Select HF, VHF or 2-port for KAM's.  In 2 port mode, the VHF or
      HF is still the primary band, but a duplicate of all transmissions is
      made on the other band.  For non-dual port TNC's, this command still
      sets up the proper HF or VHF unproto paths and timing.  For KAM's the
      ALIAS is set to ECHO/RELAY (or ECHO/WIDE if WIDE is selected)

  D - Dead Reckoning ON/OFF

  F = FILTERS.  Toggle on/off various filters on the data:
      
      BCNS  - Normaly APRS only monitors UI BEACONS
      OTHER - With OTHER set on, then APRS looks at ALL packets
      FADE  - on/off the fade-to-gray for contacts over 2 hours old.  
              When reloading backup files of past events, FADE is turned
              OFF, but after 2 hours, FADE will automatically come back on.
      GDinTO- Parses all packets for possible GridSq in the TO address
              This filter is always set in MScat, SPACE and GdSq modes
      HF    - Ignores all packets from HF with GATE in their unproto path
      JUNK  - Will not display any packet on the 25th line that has
              embedded control characters.  THis keeps the map from scrolling
              on junk from BBS's and NODES.  But it slows processging, since
              every single character must be checked.
      POSITIONS - This filter is normally ON to ignore the random 100 yd
              error introduced by GPS.  Any posit within +/- of .04 minutes
              is NOT saved to the log file.  If the filter is OFF, then all
              new posits are logged except for EXACT dupes.
              
      ALSO when the 80 yard filter is off, this ENABLES the automatic saves
      of all WX and DF reports to the HST files which is useful for later
      trend analysis.

  G - LOG toggles on and off the automatic logging of track histories to
      file.  Default is OFF to keep from filling up your LOGS directory.
      When ON, and after 150 position reports, a file is automatically saved 
      and memory is cleared for further accumulation.  If off, the 150 
      reports are retained in memory until you QUIT.

  K - Km/M.  This command toggles between MAP ranges in Nautical miles or
      Kilometers.  (the MAPS-PLOTS-RANGE command displays in STATUTE miles)
 
  U - UPLINK ENABLE - When on, your objects marked for uplinking, will be
      uplinked to all stations in the net.

  X - XMT ON/OFF - disables routine transmitting from your station.  This is
      good for stations monitoring an event, but not actively participating.
      It keeps their routine beacons off the frequency.  Even if XMT is off,
      the X key will still force a one time transmission of your BCN, POS, OBJ,
      and MSG packets and your station will still ACK incoming messages.

  W - CW - In normal mode, if CW is on, then ALL NEW BEACONS will be sent to
      you in CW.  In DX mode, CW is always on, although it can be silenced by
      using the SETUP menu to turn BEEPS off.  If FREQS is turned on, then
      the operating frequency as well as the callsign will be sounded out in
      DX mode.  Other CW functions:

      E - Enable    D - Disable    F - FREQs on   S - Set speed    T - Test

      Lines to you are sounded out in CW if you are not near your CRT.  Also
      permits changing speed and selecting Full calls in DX mode.  The value
      of 15 on the SETUP CONTROLS panel shows the default CW speed.


ALTERNATE SETUP MENU:

The SETUP menu (alt-S) has several commands plus three major sub-menus,
GPS, MODES, and OTHER.  The status of many of the SETUP options are 
displayed as the top line of the CONTROLS panel:

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 VAL | TNC | Scrnsvr | 15 | GFL| JUNK | 30/600 |dgps| MYA RELAY  | APR |BEEP|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 XMT | LOG | UP | DR | cw | PFL| BCNS |  VHF   |FADE| VIA DIGI-1,DIGI-2        |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  P - POSrate - This command is used to set both the on-screen and on-air
      periodicity for WX, DF and GPS reports.  The Refresh rate sets
      how often the interface is sampled just to update the data on your
      screen, and the POSrate value determines how often it is transmitted.

  S - SAVE CONFIG FILE -  Saves the current map size and location as well as
      the state of HF/VHF, and your digipeater path.  You will be prompted for
      your Validation number the first time you do a CONFIG file save.  If you
      have chosen any of the GPS, DF or WX options, you will also be prompted
      for your auxilliary registration number as well.  You can save each CFIG
      file with an optional 3 character file extension so that you can call
      them up quickly for different applications at the DOS prompt.  You
      invoke the optional files with a /EXT switch when you give DOS the
      APRSxxx command.  IE:  C:> APRS406/MOB would load the CFIG406.MOB file
      which you saved when you operated MOBile.  etc

  T - TNCsetup - sends out TNC commands to setup the TNC for APRS.  Usually
      initialized when you start, but can be done at any time, if your TNC
      loses power, or needs to be reset to APRS defaults.  These commands
      may be customized for  your TNC in the InitTAPR.TNC or InitAEA.TNC
      SYSTEM files.  When you QUIT APRS, it restores any custom commands
      that you might list in RESTORE.TNC file.
  
  W - WIDE  Permits an APRS station to override the normal APRS default
      ALIAS of RELAY and set it to the generic WIDE area alias so he can
      serve as a temporary WIDE digi.  Do this only with the concurrence
      of others on Frequency.
  
SETUP-GPS MENU

      ARNAV     - Configures HSP or SPM mode for ARNAV aircraft data format
                  or for receiving ARNAV reports over the air.
      SPM       - Single Port Mode (See GPS.txt)
      HSP       - Hardware single port mode (see GPS.txt)  
      DFSP      - DF Single Port mode is IN THE OTHER MENU.  No room for it hr
      KLYNAS    - Sets up APRS to work with STREETS-ON-DISK (Klynas Engineering)
      NMEA      - Toggles on the saving of all NMEA data to a LOGS\NMEAxxx file
      OFFGPS    - Used to toggle off SPM or HSP without having to restart APRS.
      TIME-SYNC - Sync's PC clock to the next GPS report received.  This
      command only sync's to the MINUTE.  Hours are not matched.  Be careful,
      since stand-alone PACCOMM TNC trackers first store the GPS data and then
      later transmit it based on an internal timer, the actual GPS data
      transmitted may not be real-time.  This is true if the GPS loses lock or
      becomes inoperative, (car parked under a tree)  then the TNC continues to
      send the same "old" fix.  If you sync to one of these, you are syncing to
      "old" time!

SETUP-OTHER MENU:

      B - BEEPS Toggles nuisance BEEPS (and CW in DX mode) on and off.
      D - DFSP Toggles on and off the DF single port mode
      M - MAGnetic Variation.  Set for your area if you will be using
          magnetic DF bearings or headings.
      S - SCREENSAVER toggles on/off
      Z - ZONE, allows you to change  your timezone offset
      G - GAME mode.  For playing chess.  Modifies APRS as follows:
          * all packets are addressed to GAME instead of APRS 
          * Only your LAST object is UPLINKED
          * The HOOK-INS key bypasses all normal OBJ prompts
          * The comment field of an uplinked object contains the move #
          * Parses received GAME objects for a move number
          * The move number is displayed on the map display

SETUP-MODES MENU:
      
      N - alt-NET mode.  Allows a special function net to operate on the 
      APRS frequency with other stations, but WITHOUT their packets
      cluttering up everyone elses screens.  Anyone can monitor an ALTNET
      by selecting this mode, OR by using the CONTROLS-FILTERS-OTHER
      command to enable monitoring of all packets on frequency.  The alt-
      NET command modifies APRS as follows:
          * Causes APRS to send packets to ALTNET vice APRS
          * ONLY looks for ALTNET packets on receive

      D - DX mode - Sets up APRS to display information for DX cluster
      users.  See DX.txt.

      P - sPecial.   Sets up a special event net on a common APRS frequency
      so that the special event members only see each other without
      being bothered by other traffic on the channel.  All other APRS
      users, however, DO see all traffic of the special event.  This mode
      modifies APRS as follows:
          * Sets your transmit address to SPCL vice APRS
          * Sets your APRS to ignore all packets EXCEPT those to SPCL.  
          * Note, normal APRS always sees APRS AND SPCL packets.

      M - MASTER.  Sets up your PC to NO LONGER ignore its OWN packets.
      This is needed if several other PC's (SLAVES using the same call)
      are all hooked up to the same TNC.  A very powerful tool for use
      in a multi-PC environment.  See OPS.txt.

      V - slaVe.  Sets up your PC for slave mode so that multiple slave
      PCs can share a single TNC and radio such as in an EOC.  See OPS.txt

      S - SPACE.  Sets up for sending and recording minimum length GdSq
      position reports via SAREX.  See SPACE.txt

      T - MeTeor scaTTer.  Sets up for sending minimum length GdSq reports
      at a MAXIMUM transmit duty cycle.  See METEOR.txt



WEATHER COMMANDS:  APRS displays weather stations as blue circles with
a white line showing the wind speed and direction.  Remember that APRS uses
360 degrees for North and assumes that 000 means no direction information is
available.  Under the CONTROLs menu, the FILTER command allows you to disable
the POSITION FILTER so that WX reports will be saved to track history files
for trend analysis.  Other WX commands under the WEATHER MENU:

  A - ALARMS - allows the user to set alarm values on Wind, High and Low temps
      and rain.  If a WX report comes in that exceeds these values within the
      range of your station, the station is marked on the map in RED and the
      map is re-centered to that location.  An alarm BEEPS and the station is
      also marked with an ALARM on the P-list.  To silence the alarm, you can
      either hook/un-hook the reporting station on the map (ENTER-ENTER), or
      use the WX-ALARM-CLEAR command.  If your station has the automatic U-II
      WX interface, and your conditions exceed your alarm limits, then your
      WX reporting period is reset to the minimum POSrate value, for more
      frequent reporting.

  E - Enter a manual weather report.  The word (manual) will be added at the
      end of the report (which prevents APRS from its normal updating of the
      Date-Time each time it is transmitted).

  G - GET NWS SITES - Loads all National Weather Service sites on the present
      map display into the P-list.  This is so that an hourly WX data file
      can be loaded for all all NWS sites listed.

  J - Use the J command to select Just Weather stations for display.

  L - LOAD WX DATA from a designated file for NWS hourly weather advisories
      for each NWS station listed in both the data file and already in your
      P-list.  Use the G command to pre-load your P-list with the NWS
      stations near you.

  N - NEXT WX STATION - Highlights the next weather station in turn and
      displays the WX conditions in the weather box at the top of the screen,
      and circles the station on the map for identification.  The Weather box
      at the top of the screen will automatically be updated everytime the
      selected WX station sends out a WX report.

  Q - WEATHER QUERY - Same as QUERY, but only weather stations respond.


TRACKING and TRACK HISTORIES - All position reports are saved to memory and
eventually to file for subsequent replay.  Each new position report is checked
against the last position from that unit and the current values.  If the
POSITION filter is ON (default) then a new position will not be saved to
track history unless movement is more than about 80 yards.  This is to reduce
the number of track points for non-moving stations saved in the file.  The 80
yard circle allows for most of the randomness of GPS Selective Availability
so that parked vehicles do not generate a lot of packets.  If the filter is
OFF, then only a single digit change in a position will generate a new
position report.  ALso, when the filter is off, ALL WX and DF reports are
saved to file.  This makes it possible to save a DF event, or to keep
historical WX data.  There are several commands related to station tracking:

   T - TRACK - a subcommand on the P-list display which allows you to
       designate a station for tracking.  If TRACK is on, then the map will
       always re-center on the selected station whenever it approaches a map
       edge.  This re-centering anticipates the station's movements and
       recenter's the map to give the best next view.

   A - ALARM - a subcommand on the P-list which allows you to set
       an alarm on a given station.  If that station moves, APRS will beep and
       will re-center the map to track that station.  The same filter as used
       on the P-list is also used here so that the randomness of Selective
       Availability does not unnecessarily trigger this alarm.  You can silence
       the beeping by UNHOOKING the station, or by deselecting the ALARM
       function.  Only one ALARM can be set at a time.  This alarm is also
       used as a marker on any WX station reporting conditions exceeding your preset
       alarm values.  But since the WX station does not move, the Alarm will
       not go off again, unless the WX station moves!

   M - MOVE - A subcommand on the P list for moving a station.  Similar to
       just hooking it with the ENTER key, but is the only way to move an
       object or station with 00000/00000  for LAT/LONG.

   S - SAVE FILES - On the FILES MENU, this command forces a save of a BACKUP
       a BLxxxxxx,LOG and a TKxxxxxx.HST file.  If you are in the field, and
       may possibly lose power, do a SAVE now and then, to be sure you save
       all track histories.  After the event, you can use a DOS text editor
       to append all the track history files together for the one event.
       When you Quit APRS, ONLY a Backup file is saved, the LOG and TRACK
       data are LOST!  If, however, you give the BACKUP file any OTHER name,
       then a LOG and TK.HST file ARE saved when you quit.

   REPLAY - Found in both the FILES and OPERATIONS MENUS.  Track histories are
       retained in memory for instant replay up to 150 points.  When memory is
       full, a file is automatically saved and memory cleared for more points.
       If less than 150 points are in memory, you MUST MANUALLY force a save
       BEFORE exiting the program or the track history points in memory will
       be lost!  During Replay several commands are useful to center the
       screen on the moving object, change the speed of replay and zoom in or
       out, etc.  The map will AUTOTRACK a moving station if only one station
       is indicated in the user response to the TRACK-which-station prompt.


DIRECTION FINDING:  APRS can instantly traingulate fixes from many reporting
packet stations, and even show overlapping signal strength contours from
stations with OMNI antennas.  This new OMNI feature is a tremendous advantage,
since it permits the 95% of HAMs who do not have beams or DF gear to partici-
pate in FOX hunts.  The traditional beam-heading reports can either be
automatic from the N7LUE or DSI Doppler serial interfaces, or manual from
other APRS stations. Even stations reporting a beam haeding that are not APRS
equipped, can be placed on the map by any APRS station using the INPUT-ADD
command and be given a beam heading.  APRS assumes that any station or object
using the TRIANGLE symbol is a DF station and will plot a line of bearing if
given.  Note that APRS uses 360 degrees as North and assumes 000 means no
direction information available.  A quality of 8 indicates an excellent fix.
The main DF command is in the OPERATIONS menu.  For more info, see DF.txt.

   SIGNAL STRENGTH - By entering a 0 as a beam heading (APRS uses 360 degrees
       for due north), APRS will assume the report is a signal strength
       report and will prompt you for your antenna height above average
       terrain and antenna gain.  To see the overlapping signal strength
       contours on the map, use the MAP-RINGS-DF command.  APRS will plot
       colored circles around each DF report who's brightness is directly,
       and who's radius is inversly proportional to signal strength. Note
       that you MUST UNDERSTAND what HEIGHT-ABOVE-AVERAGE-TERRAIN means, for
       this to be useful.  If you are getting voice reports, be sure the
       person is giving a true assessment of his HAAT in the general area.
       Or at least in the general direction where the FOX is suspected.

   BEARING - If you enter any other bearing, APRS will prompt you for the
       quality of the fix, and then will plot the bearing from your station.
       heading for your station.  If you are running the WX station option,
       it will be dissabled while the DF report is operative.  You may also
       specify a Quality factor 1-8.  The more dotted the line is, the less
       its quality.

   FADE-CIRCLE TECHNIQUE - This is a technique used by pilots for locating
       emergency beacons.  It assumes that for any given mobile receiver,
       there is a unique circle around the transmitter where the signal fades
       out.  All the mobile station has to do is plot three points anywhere
       where the transmitter signal just fades in or fades out.  These three
       points define a circle with the transmitter at the center!  APRS
       implements this technique with single keystroke operations.  Each time
       you press F5, a Fade point is entered on the map.

